Turbine blading



@@. 3Q, w23 j mm2-m@ A. T. KASLEY TURBINE BLADING` Filed July 5, '1922.

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Patented @et 3C, 1923.

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@lilill ALEXANDER] T. KASLEY, OF ESSINGTON, PENNSYLVANIA, ASSIGNOR TOWESTING- HCUSE ELECTRIC AND MANUFACTURING COMPANY, A CORPORATION OFPENN- SYLVANIA.

TURBINE BLADING.

Application filed July 5, 1922.

T0 all whom t may concern:

Be it known that I, ALEXANDER T. KAS- Lnr, a citizen of the UnitedStates, and a resident of Essington, in the ,county of Delaware andState of Pennsylvania, have invented a` new and useful Improvement inTurbine Blading, of which the following is a specification.

My invention relates to turbine blading, more particularly to blading ofthe wide type adapted to receive. steam. at one side and to discharge itat the tips, and it has for its object to provide apparatus of thecharacter designated which shall be rigid in construction, simple indesign, and inexpensive to build.

Apparatus embodying features of my in vention is illustrated in theaccompanying drawings, forming a part of this application, in which:Fig. 1 is a. sectional view of a turbine showing my improved typeofblading applied thereto; and Fig. 2 is a fragmentary elevational view asobserved from the right vside of the wide bladesl in Fig. 1.

In my co-pending application, Serial No.

521,872, filed December 12, 1921 and as-V signed to lVestingho-useElectric and Manufacturing Company, there is disclosed blading of thewide type adapted to receive steam at one side and to discharge it atthe tips. The wide blades disclosed in this application have innersubstantially or radial portions and outer curved or spoonoutlineportions arranged to expand and to discharge steam at small peripheralangles. Curved ribs or detlector members are arranged between the bladesin order to define deiiecting walls to gradually change the direction ofsteam from an axial toward a radial direction; and, as the rib ordeflecting members are in contact, sucli rib or defleeting membersconstitute bracing means for the blades.

As the tips of wide blading of the character referred to are arranged todischarge directly to the exhaust chamber, there. is a strong naturaltendency for the st eam passing between the blades to flow in streamlines under the influence of the highly vacuous conditions fund in theexhaust chamber. This being so, the guide or deliector members need notextend entirely across the space between adjacent blades, and it is,therefore, possible to cheapen the Serial No. 572,901.

construction for the reason that it is unnecessary to accurately tit theguide or deiiector members to constitute curved deflecting walls, as setforth in myv former application. Consequently, the cost of constructionint-his respect may be quite materially reduced. Of course, when theguide ribs or detlectors do not contact, the latter do not materiallyserve to brace the blading structure, and I have, therefore, providedlashing means at the inlet edges of the blades in order to brace thelatter.

Referring now to the dra-wings for a more detailed description of myinvention, I show a turbine having a rotor 10 and a casing or cylinder11, with suitable energy-abstracting elements carried tl ereby includinga last low-pressure stage, at 12, comprising a stationary row of guideblades 13 and a moving row of wide blades 14 made in accordance with mypresent invention.

The wide. blades 14 are adapted to receive steam liowing in an axialdirection from the row of guide blades or vanes 13 and to discharge thesame peripherally or at the tips. Each of the blades 14 comprises Y aninner approximately radial portion 15 and an outer curved orspoon-outline` por-- tion 16. Guide ribs 17 of any suitable type, forexample, of the angle-section type, may be formed on or secured to theblade portions 15 in any suitable manner for the purpose of assisting inchanging the direction of flow of steam from an axial toward a radialdirection. Ahe guide ribs 1'? extend only part way across the spacesbetween the blades for the reason that the high vacuum conditionobtaining in the exhaust chamber results in. a strong natural tendency.for the steam to tlow in stream lines toward the blade tips. I,therefore, provide guide ribs which merely assist this natural tendency.

As the guide ribs 17 do not extend across the spaces between the bladesand do not contact, such guide ribs do not serve materially to brace theblading structure. It is, therefore, necessary to provide some means inorder to brace or reinforce the blading structure to avoid vibrationthereof. Accordingly, I have provided a plurality of lashing members 18at the inlet edges 19 of the blades let- The inlet edges 19 arepreferably inclined, as shown in Fig. 1, in order to provide extrastrength to carry the lashing members or Wires. In other Words, theinclination of the entering edges 19 of the `blades presentsincreasing'stress areas toward the blade roots in order to carry theextra Weight dueto the lashing members.

From the foregoing, it will be apparent that l have devised'blading ofthe Wide type which has guide or deflect-ing members *for changing thedirection of steam which are inexpensive to construct and vwhich dol notrequire accurate fitting. l have also vised suitable lashing means Vtebe used with blading equipped With guide or deiclectoi members oit thischaracter in order to `limit vibration of the blading structure.

While l have shown my invention in but one form, it will be obvious tothose skilled in the art that it is not so limited, but is susceptibleof various other'changes and modifications, Without depart-ing from thespirit thereof, and l desire, therefore, that only suc-h limitationsshall be placed thereupon as are imposed by the prior art or as arespecifically set forth in the appended claims.

lflilhat l claim is: y y

l. 'In a turbine, a roiv ot blades having opposed guides on adjacentblade faces which eztend part way across Vthe space between the blades.

2. lna turbine, a row of blades having lashing means cooperating withthe blades to limit vibration thereof.

et. ln a turbine, the combination of a row ot blades having opposed andspaced apart guide members on adjacent blade Jfaces and 4lashing meansarranged at one side of the side and to discharge it at the tips,opposed and spaced apart guide members on adjacent blade faces forassisting in changing the direction of lovv of steam toward the tips ofthe blades, and lashing means cooperating` with the inletsides of theblades to limit the vibration thereof. l

6. In a turbine, the combination of a rovi or" exhaust blades adapted toreceive steam at one side and to discharge it at the tips, opposed andspaced` apart guide members on adjacent blade faces to assist inchanging the direction of flow of steam between the blades :toward thetips, and Vlashing means carried by the inlet edges of the blades, theinlet edges of the blades being inclined so as to provide sufficientsupporting structure to Awithstand the centrifugal stresses due to theadditional mass of the lashing members. 7. In a turbine, a rovv oftra'pezoidal blades having lashing means at the inclined side. 8. ln aturbine, a row of trapezoidal blades adapted to receive steam at one,Side and to discharge it at the tips, and lashing means arranged at theinclined inlet side.

9. In a turbine, a rovi7 of trapezoidal blades, opposed and spaced,apartr giuide members carried by adjacent faces of the blades, andlashing means arranged at the inclined inlet side of the blades.

In testimony whereof, I' have hereunto subscribed my name'this 30th dayof June,

ALEXANDER T. KASLEY.

